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Expert analysis: the change and invariability of toll amount after the cancellation of provincial toll stations

From 0:00 on January 1 this year, 487 highway toll stations in 29 interconnected provinces (Hainan and Tibet have no toll roads) have been cancelled. Canceling the provincial toll station of expressway is not to cancel the toll, but to change the toll way through technical means. The purpose is to realize the fast payment of vehicles without parking. At the same time, due to the precise toll way, in the actual operation, the toll level of vehicles will have some changes, which are the same? Which are the changes?

 

Since zero o'clock on January 1 this year, 487 provincial highway toll stations in 29 interconnected provinces (Hainan and Tibet have no toll roads) have been cancelled. Canceling the provincial toll station of expressway is not to cancel the toll, but to change the toll way through technical means. The purpose is to realize the fast payment of vehicles without parking. At the same time, due to the precise toll way, in the actual operation, the toll level of vehicles will have some changes, which are the same? Which are the changes?

 

Before station withdrawal: charging rules for the shortest path

 

In China, the expressway network charges are implemented in provinces. Before canceling the provincial toll station of expressway, the closed toll system is mainly adopted. The bus charges according to the vehicle type and truck weight, according to the path and mileage, and the accounts are split by sections. That is to say, for vehicles entering the expressway, they should collect the pass card recording the information of their vehicles and stations at the entrance or write the information of the entrance into etc. after returning the pass card or reading and writing the etc information at the exit, they should pay the toll according to their driving mileage and vehicle type (or weight).

 

In addition to Zhejiang, Guangdong, Sichuan and other provinces to achieve accurate toll collection and account opening, most provinces adopt the shortest path toll collection. That is to say, no matter how far it actually goes, the toll is charged according to the shortest path between the starting point and the ending point. For example, from Anyang in the north of Henan Province to Nanyang in the south, there are many expressways to get there. You can take any road you want, but when charging, all of them are charged according to the mileage of the shortest road, multiplied by the rate standard, which is the shortest path charging. The problem of this kind of charging system is that, with the increasing scale of the road network, it is difficult to reflect the fair principle of how much the road users pay for how many roads they walk.

 

After station withdrawal: precise charging

 

After the provincial toll station of expressway is cancelled, new gantry is built along the expressway whenever the traffic volume changes (there are exits or entrances), and each gantry is responsible for charging the cost of the road section where it is located, so as to realize the accurate charging by sections, that is to say, how much it costs to walk and how much it costs to pay. As a result, the toll of vehicles taking a long road between the two points will be increased compared with the toll previously charged according to the shortest path. In addition, the charging amount rounding rules are also adjusted from the original rounding to "0 yuan, 5 yuan" to "points" for etc vehicles and "Yuan" for manual charging vehicles, and the corresponding fees will also "rise and fall". For example, from the first place to the second place, according to the charge rate multiplied by mileage, the charge amount is 8 yuan, and the actual charge will be rounded to 10 yuan. If the amount is 12 yuan, it will also be rounded to 10 yuan. After the station is removed, 8 yuan will be charged for 8 yuan and 12 yuan will be charged for 12 yuan. Compared with the original charging system, the accurate charging is more accurate and more fair and reasonable.

 

The expressway mainly adopts two kinds of toll ways: manual semi-automatic toll (MTC) and electronic non parking toll (etc). Etc has been put into operation for many years in China. From the comprehensive comparison of technology, industrial maturity, infrastructure conditions and other aspects, etc., the adoption of ETC technology is the best way to achieve fast and non-stop access at this stage, which is also the reason for vigorously developing etc users in the past year. From the perspective of operation, the overall experience of etc vehicles is significantly better than that of MTC vehicles.

 

The charging standard of some buses has been significantly reduced

 

After the implementation of the new revised "classification of toll road vehicle toll models" in 2019, the charging standards (charging rate and charging coefficient) of passenger cars everywhere have not been adjusted, but are still implemented in accordance with the original approval documents, and the charging standards of all kinds of passenger cars have not been increased. At present, 29 provinces have published their fee rates on the Internet, and the public can query them publicly.

The newly revised standard will reduce the minibus with 8 and 9 passengers from the original class 2 bus to class 1 bus. From January 1, 2020, 8-seat and 9-seat minibuses will be charged with vehicle tolls in accordance with class 1 bus. The toll standard will be reduced by 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 on average. The toll burden of these vehicles will be significantly reduced. There are also some provinces that charge for downshifting buses. For example, class II buses in Shanghai are charged according to class I buses, and class IV buses in Guangdong are charged according to class III buses. The charging level of corresponding buses in these areas is also significantly reduced.

 

The overall burden of freight car charging by model does not increase

 

In accordance with the general requirements of the State Council on canceling provincial toll stations of expressways and adjusting the charging method of freight car tolls, the Ministry of transport, together with relevant departments, issued a notice to deploy all localities to organize and carry out the adjustment and calculation of freight car tolls in strict accordance with relevant laws, regulations and provisions, requiring that "under the same traffic flow conditions, the total freight car tolls shall not be increased The body burden ensures that the payable toll amount of each type of charging vehicle in the standard loading state is not greater than the payable toll amount of the original weight charging, which provides the fundamental compliance for the adjustment of freight car charging mode and the formulation of charging standards. In order to ensure the implementation of the "two guarantees" principle, the Ministry of transport has strengthened the guidance of relevant work in various regions, organized forces to conduct in-depth research and Analysis on the rate adjustment schemes in various regions, urged them to strictly implement them, and realized that the freight car charging standard is at least 10% lower than the full load. From the micro and operational level to ensure that the overall burden of freight car toll does not increase.

 

When formulating the standards of charging by axle, all regions take the weighted average results of the total weight of goods and driving mileage of all trucks in the province in 2018 as an important basis. After charging by vehicle type, the same charging standards shall be implemented for the same axle type vehicles, no matter how much they are installed or how little they are installed. For fully loaded vehicles, the fee will decrease significantly; for unloaded vehicles and lightly loaded vehicles, the fee may increase. It is suggested that the relevant enterprises strengthen the transportation organization, and enjoy the policy dividend adjusted by the billing method by improving the real load rate.

 

On the basis of carrying out the policy of "green passage" for fresh agricultural products transportation, the Ministry of transport has issued a notice together with relevant departments, clearly requiring all regions to comprehensively promote preferential tariff policies such as differential toll collection of expressways, so as to comprehensively improve vehicle traffic efficiency and reduce vehicle toll burden.

 

(author: Li Aimin, Institute of highway science, Ministry of transport)